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Synthetic
Products
DNA Transfection
Introducing DNA into eukaryotic cells is one of the recent
major advances in molecular biology. To facilitate your research in
this area, Avanti is offering several groups of cationic lipids
for use in transfection systems. One group is based on the original
DOTAP molecule synthesized and characterized
by Stamatatos et al. This series is available with either a fixed
charge on the polar group (trimethylammonium
propane or TAP), or a titratable hydrogen ion on the polar
group (dimethylammonium propane or DAP).
This titratable group has a pKa of 6.7. At physiological
pH, the lipid carries a neutral charge, allowing easier handling of
the compound. However, at lower pH, such as that found in the endosome
environment, the lipid carries a net positive charge. Both series
of lipids are available with a variety of chain lengths and unsaturation.
Also, Avanti now carries a high purity form of DDAB (dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide). DDAB has
been used recently to successfully transfect in vivo systems (Zhu
et al., Philip et al.). Additionally, Avanti has exclusive
rights to cationic phosphatidylcholine (ethyl phosphocholine). This
product offers great biocompatability and excellent transfection efficiencies.
References
Stamatatos, L., Leventis, R., Zuckermann, M.J.
& Silvius, J. R. (1988), "Interactions of cationic
lipid vesicles with negatively charged phospholipid vesicles
and biological membranes", Biochemistry 27, 3917-3925.
Leventis, R. & Silvius, J.R., (1990), "Interactions
of mammalian cells with lipid dispersions containing novel metabolizable
cationic amphiphiles", Biochim.Biophys. Acta
1023, 124-132. Zhu, N., Liggitt, D., Liu, Y. & Debs, R.,
(1993), "Systemic gene expression after intravenous DNA
delivery in adult mice", Science 261, 209-211.
Phillip, R., Liggitt, D., Phillip, M., Dazin, P. & Debs,
R., (1993), "In vivo gene delivery. Efficient transfection
of T lymphocytes in adult mice", J. of Biol. Chem. 268,
16087-16090.
References, Liposomal Delivery of DNA
Akhtar, S., Basu, S., Wickstrom, E. & Juliano, R.L., (1991),
"Interactions of antisense DNA oligonucleotide analogs with
phospholipid membranes (liposomes)", Nucleic Acids Res.
19, 5551-5559.
Hug, P. & Sleight, R.G., "Liposomes for the transformation
of eukaryotic cells", Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1097,
1-17.
Thierry, A.R., Rahman, A. & Dritschilo, A., (1992), "Liposomal
delivery as a new approach to transport antisense oligonucleotides",
in Gene Regulation (Erickson R.P. & Izant, G., Ed.)
pp. 147-161, Raven Press, New York.
Zhou, X. & Huang, L., (1992), "Targeted delivery of
DNA by liposomes and polymers", Controlled Release
19, 269-274.
Zhou, X., Klibanov, A.L. & Huang, L., (1992), "Improved
encapsulation of DNA in pH-sensitive liposomes for transfection",
Liposome Res. 2, 125-139.
Nicolau, C. & Cudd, A., (1989), "Liposomes as carriers
of DNA", Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carr. Syst. 6, 239-271.
